SAI: safety application identifier algorithm at MAC layer for vehicular safety message dissemination over LTE VANET networks

Vehicular safety applications have much significance in preventing road accidents and fatalities. Among others, cellular networks have been under investigation for the procurement of these applications subject to stringent requirements for latency, transmission parameters, and successful delivery of messages. Earlier contributions have studied utilization of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) under single cell, Friis radio, or simplified higher layer. In this paper, we study the utilization of LTE under multicell and multipath fading environment and introduce the use of adaptive awareness range. Then, we propose an algorithm that uses the concept of quality of service (QoS) class identifiers (QCIs) along with dynamic adaptive awareness range. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of background traffic on the proposed algorithm. Finally, we utilize medium access control (MAC) layer elements in order to fulfill vehicular application requirements through extensive system-level simulations. The results show that, by using an awareness range of up to 250 m, the LTE system is capable of fulfilling the safety application requirements for up to 10 beacons/s with 150 vehicles in an area of 2 × 2 km2. The urban vehicular radio environment has a significant impact and decreases the probability for end-to-end delay to be ≤100 ms from 93%–97% to 76%–78% compared to the Friis radio environment. The proposed algorithm reduces the amount of vehicular application traffic from 21 Mbps to 13 Mbps, while improving the probability of end-to-end delay being ≤100 ms by 20%. Lastly, use of MAC layer control elements brings the processing of messages towards the edge of network increasing capacity of the system by about 50%

Novel nonimaging solar concentrator for portable solar systems for developing countries

Portable solar chargers have been gaining popularity as a new technology to help increase electrification in rural areas in developing countries. It is a fast developing industry aiming to produce a low-cost solution for the application of off-grid solar lighting and charging of small devices to be used by the poorest and most vulnerable of society. Solar concentrators are proposed as an add-on to help further reduce costs, to increase light-output hours and to reduce charging time. So far, no suitable concentrator designs have been proposed. This paper presents a novel concept for the design of a static nonimaging concentrator, suitable for portable solar systems for developing countries. The novel concentrator design is compared with existing concentrators and its suitability for portable solar chargers, as well as its potential for further improvement, are highlighted

Indoor characterization of genetically optimised circular rotating square hyperboloid (GOCRSH) concentrator

This paper evaluates the performance of a genetically optimized circular rotational square hyperboloid (GOCRSH) concentrator for low-concentrating photovoltaic (PV) application. The experimental analysis of 4 types of GOCRSH namely the GOCRSH_A GOCRSH_B, GOCRSH_Crh and GOCRSH_D, were tested indoor under standard text conditions of 1000 W/m 2 , AM 1.5G and at the temperature of 25 °C. From the indoor experiments, it was found that the prototypes were showing the maximum power point ratio under normal incidence of 2.9x, 2.6x, 3.9x and 2.7x with the GOCRSH_A GOCRSH_B, GOCRSH_Crh and GOCRSH_D respectively

Indoor performance analysis of genetically optimized circular rotational square hyperboloid (GOCRSH) concentrator

In the past few years, there was an increasing popularity of portable solar chargers for providing access to clean affordable electricity to remote locations in developing countries. Looking at the surge in demand, it is also important to reduce the environmental impact of portable solar chargers. Solar photovoltaic (PV) concentrators have the potential to reduce the embodied energy and thus the embodied greenhouse gas emissions, human-toxicity and eco-toxicity potential during production, recycling and disposal stages of silicon PV solar panels. Yet, no solar PV concentrator designs have been proposed for portable solar systems for developing countries. Recently, a novel concentrator known as genetically optimized circular rotational square hyperboloid (GOCRSH) concentrator was developed to address this problem. This paper evaluates the performance of four types of GOCRSH concentrators; namely GOCRSH_A GOCRSH_B, GOCRSH_Crh and GOCRSH_D that have a geometrical gain of 3.73x, 3.34x, 3.80x and 4.07x respectively. The experimental analysis of these concentrators was performed indoors under standard test conditions, i.e. 1000 W/m2, AM 1.5G and at a temperature of 25 ˚C to characterize the concentrators at normal incidence and to determine their angular response. Firstly, the fabrication process of the prototypes is described. Secondly, the GOCRSH concentrated devices and the reference cell are characterized at normal incidence, obtaining the current–voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) curves. Next, the angular response of the concentrators is obtained at various angles of incidence of up to ± 70° in increments of 5°. Mismatches between the simulation results and the experimental results are identified and possible error sources leading to the mismatch are discussed. Lastly, the increase in solar cell temperature under constant illumination and its impact on the solar cell performance is recorded for the GOCRSH_A concentrating device. From the indoor experiments, it was found that the prototypes were showing the maximum power point ratio under normal incidence of 2.9x, 2.6x, 3.9x and 2.7x with the GOCRSH_A GOCRSH_B, GOCRSH_Crh and GOCRSH_D respectively

Embodied Energy and Cost Assessments of a Concentrating Photovoltaic Module

This paper focuses on the embodied energy and cost assessments of a static concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) module in comparison to the flat photovoltaic (PV) module. The CPV module employs a specific concentrator design from the Genetically Optimised Circular Rotational Square Hyperboloid (GOCRSH) concentrators, labelled as GOCRSH_A. Firstly, it discussed previous research on life cycle analyses for PV and CPV modules. Next, it compared the energy embodied in the materials of the GOCRSH_A module to the energy embodied in the materials of a flat PV module of the same electrical output. Lastly, a comparison in terms of cost is presented between the analysed GOCRSH_A module and the flat PV module. It was found that the GOCRSH_A module showed a reduction in embodied energy of 17% which indicates a reduction in embodied carbon. In terms of cost, the costs for the GOCRSH_A module were calculated to be 1.71 times higher than the flat PV module of the same electrical output. It is concluded that a trade-off is required between the embodied energy and cost impacts in order to bring this CPV technology into the market

Índice de progreso social del distrito de San Juan Lurigancho

San Juan de Lurigancho es uno de los distritos más representativos del Perú, no solo por ser el más poblado del país, sino por ser producto de la convergencia de una gran diversidad de idiosincrasias y procedencias, surgidas a raíz de los procesos migratorios desde inicios de la colonia hasta la explosión demográfica en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Es en este contexto que el Índice de Progreso Social (IPS) es de vital importancia pues ayuda a caracterizar y develar la calidad de vida de los más de un millón de personas que habitan el distrito, más allá de indicadores estrictamente económicos; permitiendo identificar las brechas de progreso social, en términos de necesidades humanas básicas, fundamentos de bienestar y oportunidades para todos los ciudadanos. En consecuencia, la presente investigación tuvo como propósito calcular el modelo del IPS del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, partiendo de su división en cuatro zonas geográficas y recolectando información tanto de fuentes primarias como secundarias; con el fin de establecer el nivel de progreso social de cada una de ellas, teniendo en cuenta las dimensiones, componentes e indicadores establecidos por la metodología. Así pues el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho alcanzó un IPS de 53.40, que lo situaron en la categoría baja; a nivel de dimensiones, tanto fundamentos de bienestar como oportunidades se ubicaron en la categoría baja; y a nivel de componentes las mayores oportunidades de mejora se mostraron en: seguridad personal, sostenibilidad ambiental y el acceso a la educación superior; además se estableció que las zonas más críticas son la tres y cuatro con un nivel de progreso social muy bajo y bajo, respectivamente. Estos resultados mostraron una realidad que requiere de atención inmediata por parte de las autoridades y actores sociales involucrados; para ello, se formularon recomendaciones que tienen como finalidad actuar como fuente para implementar las iniciativas necesarias a través de las entidades competentes, que permitan potenciar la merecida calidad de vida de sus habitantes.San Juan de Lurigancho is one of the most representative districts of Peru, not only because it is the most populous in the country but also it is the product of the convergence of a great diversity of idiosyncrasies and provenances, arisen as a result of the migratory processes since the beginning of the colony until the demographic explosion in the second half of the twentieth century. Into this context, the Social Progress Index (SPI) is of vital importance as it helps to characterize and reveal the quality of life, of more than one million people that live in the district, beyond strictly economic indicators, allowing identify the gaps in social progress in terms of basic human needs, foundations of wellbeing and opportunities for all citizens. Consequently, the present investigation aims to calculate the model of SPI of the district of San Juan de Lurigancho, starting by its division into four geographical zones and collecting information from primary and secondary sources in order to establish the level of social progress in each of them, taking into account the dimensions, components and indicators stablished by the methodology. In that way, the district of San Juan de Lurigancho got a SPI of 53.40, locating it in the low level of the scale; at the level of dimensions, both foundations of wellbeing and opportunities located in the low category; and at the component level the mayor improvement opportunities are into: personal safety, environmental quality and access to advanced education; additionally it was stablished that the most critical zones are the three and four, with a very low and low level of social progress, respectively. These results showed a reality that requires immediate attention from the authorities and social actors involved; in that way, recommendations were formulated which are intended to act as a source for implementing the necessary initiatives through the competent entities that allows potentiate the deserved quality of life of its inhabitants.Tesi

La influencia de la obesidad y la ateroesclerosis en la etiología y patogenia de las enfermedades periodontales

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica multifactorial, considerada un desorden nutricional que parece tener un carácter ascendente en todas partes del mundo y fundamentalmente en América. Estudios recientes reflejan la vinculación de la obesidad y la ateroesclerosis con las periodontopatías. Con el objetivo de describir la relación de la obesidad y la ateroesclerosis con el desarrollo de enfermedades periodontales se realizó una revisión actualizada de la bibliografía. Los artículos se identificaron a través de la búsqueda automatizada en las bases de datos SCOPUS y GOOGLE. Fueron seleccionados 22 artículos originales. Se concluyó que tanto en la obesidad como en la ateroesclerosis se secretan sustancias proinflamatorias que tienen un papel importante en la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad periodontal